Cleanroom design and construction involves more than building an enclosed room. It combines architecture, HVAC, air filtration and environmental control to achieve the required cleanliness.

1. Survey & define requirements

First, establish:

  • Whether the cleanroom serves pharmaceuticals, electronics, food, healthcare or other applications.
  • The required cleanliness classification.
  • Temperature, humidity and pressure requirements.
  • The number of personnel and operating equipment.
  • Airflow and air-change requirements.

2. Cleanroom design

Use these requirements to design:

  • The layout and functional zones.
  • Personnel and material flows.
  • The HVAC and ductwork systems..
  • AHU, FCU, HEPA and other filter locations.
  • Electrical, lighting and control systems.
  • Doors, walls, ceilings and finishes.

3. Select materials & equipment

Cleanroom materials need surfaces that are smooth, easy to clean and low-shedding. Main equipment commonly includes:

Coarse filters → Fine filters → HEPA → AHU → FFU (where required)

Depending on the project, additional controls may cover pressure, temperature, humidity and pressure differentials..

4. Construction

A typical sequence includes:

Building work → Walls/ceilings → HVAC → Electrical systems → Doors → Equipment → Finishing

During construction, control materials, maintain site cleanliness and minimize dust generation.

5. Trial operation & balancing

Once installation is complete, test and adjust:

  • Airflow rates.
  • Pressure differentials.
  • Temperature and humidity.
  • Air velocity.
  • Filtration performance.

6. Testing & acceptance

This step confirms whether the cleanroom meets its design requirements. Tests may include particle counting, HEPA filter integrity, pressure differentials, airflow and environmental parameters under the applicable standards.

7. Handover & operation

Following acceptance:

  • Hand over the system.
  • Provide operating instructions.
  • Train personnel.
  • Prepare cleaning and maintenance plans.
  • Monitor cleanroom parameters periodically.

👉 Summary: A satisfactory cleanroom requires control throughout survey → design → equipment selection → construction → balancing → testing → acceptance → operation. A weakness at any stage can affect the performance of the whole system.